This doctoral research drew on Löw’s (2001, 2016) ‘sociology of space’ to develop a theoretical model which could explain substance use socio-spatially, in a format suited to prevention research. A visual theory is proposed which outlines three intermediary steps between physical environment (presumed independent variable) and situated substance use or abstinence (outcomes of interest). The theory posits that the physical environment is transformed into (1) ‘perceived space’; from this emerges (2) ‘interpreted space’, which prompts (3) thoughts and feelings subsequently affecting final outcomes. Personal and cultural factors moderate this process. Original features of the theory include its structured visualisation of complex interplay between socio-spatial and other factors. This can further our understanding of when environmental ‘invitations’ may be accepted or declined. The study thus bridges socio-spatial theory with applied substance use research.