Medicine price regulation aims to contribute to more affordable access to medicines for both patients and public payers. While there is strong evidence for its achievements, high prices remain a barrier to access, increasingly also in high-income countries. This chapter discusses existing medicine pricing policies, particularly for new medicines, such as external price referencing (EPR), value-based pricing (VBP), tendering and managed entry agreements, with a particular focus on their limitations. New models to address these drawbacks are presented; these include methodological support tools, collaborative approaches and improved transparency.